Gondal, S.; Khan, D. H. A.; Saeed, S.; Khan, S. S.; Patras, J. Exploring Emotional Attachment to Artificial Intelligence Companions: A Cross-Cultural Qualitative Study of Psychological Needs, Loneliness, and Human–AI Relationships in Pakistan and the United States. TAMSAAL 2026, 4 (11), 56-76. https://doi.org/10.59075/tamsaal.v4i11.255.